In recent years, with the development of the domestic laying hen industry and the improvement of breeding technology, there have been more and more laying hen farms with a scale of hundreds of thousands of breeding hens in China. Among these farms, there are old farmers who have been breeding for many years. With the increase of capital, the scale has gradually expanded to hundreds of thousands or even millions of breeding scales; there are also injections of foreign capital, making full use of local support policies to build new scales. In laying hen farms of 500,000, 1,000,000, or even more than 1 million. These large-scale farms will encounter many problems from site selection to layout, from house structure design to selection of breeding equipment, from production to daily breeding management. Below we will share some practical solutions to these problems. Program.
一、The problem of the location of the farm
With the development of the breeding industry, the number of large-scale laying hen farms in my country is increasing, which not only brings convenience and benefits to the common people, but also brings many problems in the breeding process. Pollution; chicken manure is not treated in time, or untreated chicken manure produces secondary pollution during transportation; there is also environmental pollution caused by white garbage from drug packaging during chicken farming, which is a problem for farming. urgent problems in the field.
Most of the above problems have a lot to do with the location of the farm. With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the emphasis on air quality in many surrounding living spaces, polluting factories or enterprises have gradually moved to areas far away from people's living areas, and our farms have become a new The polluting industry has been paid more and more attention by people. From national policies to local policies, many measures to control farm pollution have been introduced, and they have achieved remarkable results. However, if we take these problems into consideration in the early stage of farm construction, many problems can be avoided in advance, reducing a lot of cost input in the process of farm operation. From a lot of information, we can roughly understand the location of the farm, mainly considering the following aspects:
1、Appropriately away from human habitation and some special areas: The country currently has clear requirements for the location of new farms:
(1)、More than 500 meters away from drinking water sources, animal slaughtering and processing sites, and animal and animal product markets; more than 1,000 meters away from breeding livestock and poultry farms; more than 200 meters away from animal clinics; distance between animal farms (breeding communities) not less than 500 meters.
(2)、More than 3000 meters away from animal isolation sites and harmless treatment sites
(3)、It is more than 500 meters away from urban residential areas, cultural, educational and scientific research areas and major transportation routes such as highways and railways.
2、Is epidemic prevention and control easy to do?
The growth of chickens requires fresh air and a relatively safe and quiet living environment. Areas that are prone to epidemics or air pollution cannot be considered as the scope of farm land use. Doing farms in such areas will increase unpredictable drug costs and unpredictable risks, resulting in poor breeding results and serious economic losses.
3、Is the transportation convenient?
The transportation of chickens, the transportation of feed, and the sale of eggs all need the support of more convenient transportation. "If you want to get rich, build roads first" is always an unchanging truth! There is also a good condition that can be used here, that is, make full use of the local government's support for the breeding industry, and apply for some support projects that are beneficial to farm construction, such as: roads are built by the government. By making good use of this policy, you can save a lot of investment costs and apply it to the construction of other parts of the farm.
1、Is the water source convenient and can it meet the drinking standard of human beings?
2、Like the growth of humans, the supply of water is also a more important factor than the supply of feed during the growth of chickens. Birds normally drink twice as much water as they eat, so it is important to provide birds with clean, wholesome water. Water is not only an essential nutrient for the body, but also has a vital impact on various physiological functions of the body. Therefore, any factor that can change the quality of drinking water, such as changes in bacterial count, pH, nitrogen levels, hardness, alkalinity or mineral levels, can directly affect the amount of water a bird drinks or how the bird's body utilizes the water intake. Ability. As far as drinking water goes, here's a good rule of thumb: if you don't want to drink water, don't give it to the chickens.
When planning and designing the farm house, it is necessary to understand the local water resources in advance, and make a detailed test of the water quality in the areas where water may be drawn. To achieve the best use effect with the smallest input cost.
When planning and designing the farm house, it is necessary to understand the local water resources in advance, and make a detailed test of the water quality in the areas where water may be drawn. To achieve the best use effect with the smallest input cost.
二、The orientation of the premises and the layout of the premises and the design of the roads:
1、Production area: According to the dominant wind direction, the design is arranged in the order of the hatching room, the brooding house, and the laying house; Reducing the impact of chicken house emissions on the next chicken house meets the needs of epidemic prevention.
2、Auxiliary production area: such as feed warehouse, egg warehouse, veterinary room, spare parts warehouse, drug warehouse, etc., should be close to the production area, which is convenient for personnel to operate, but maintain a certain safety distance from the production area to facilitate epidemic prevention requirements. Chicken incinerators or buried wells should be located in the downwind area, preferably more than 300 to 500 meters away from the generation and living areas;
3、Administrative management area: such as guards, entry disinfection rooms, offices, health and epidemic prevention rooms, etc., should be set up on the other side parallel to the wind direction of the production area; reasonably constructed according to the function of the building, to prevent the wrong location, resulting in dummy functions or lose;
4、Living area: It should be set outside the production area and keep a safe distance from the production area, that is, it will not affect the epidemic prevention in the field, and will not affect the normal life of personnel;
5、The production area should be divided into clean road and dirty road. The road at the front of the chicken house is the clean road. It is recommended to be 5 to 8 meters wide and run through the entire production area, which is convenient for vehicles that transfer chickens and vehicles inside the farm. At the same time, the location and height of other equipment in the field are taken into account; the road at the end of the chicken coop is a dirty road, it is recommended to be at least 4 meters wide, and it can be widened as much as possible to facilitate the isolation and cleaning of the dirt at the rear of the chicken coop.
三、Selection of breeding equipment and supporting equipment:
The vigorous development of the breeding industry has also led to the crazy emergence of breeding equipment manufacturers. Some small equipment manufacturers with little technical strength are constantly hitting the market with low prices. Many farmers and breeding companies do not know the authenticity and are greedy for temporary cheapness. In the end, it suffered serious setbacks in actual use. Equipment selection can follow the following suggestions:
1、The old companies are relatively reliable: companies that can persist in the development of the breeding equipment industry for more than ten years or even decades have produced equipment that has been tempered in the market for a long time; the so-called design problems of many new companies have basically been solved. With a high degree of perfection, there are relatively few problems in the use process, which can save a lot of maintenance costs for customers; fewer problems in the use of equipment, the breeding effect will be relatively improved, and ultimately increase the economic benefits of customers.
2、A salesperson who is familiar with their own equipment is relatively reliable: a salesperson who can answer customers' questions with ease, shows that he has a large reserve of product knowledge, the company's product maturity is very high, and the company's training is in place. Such a company is worth working with.
3、Equipment manufacturers who can provide feasible suggestions for customers are trustworthy: new farms require knowledge in many aspects, from farm planning and design to equipment use details, to breeding problems, and equipment manufacturers who give feasible suggestions, It shows that the company is a real enterprise working in this industry. Without sufficient knowledge reserve, it is difficult to deal with unexpected problems of customers, and it is difficult to understand the mood of customers when they are struggling. A good equipment manufacturer is a table lamp, which cannot illuminate the long road of your breeding business, but can provide you with a bright light where it should be.
四、Life is endless, struggle is endless, always strengthen the learning of breeding knowledge
The breeding of laying hens has been developed in my country for decades, during which it has experienced many ups and downs. The once "rocket egg" is already a legend. More and more experience tells us that only by constantly learning industry knowledge can we continuously improve our own breeding level and maximize our benefits. Knowledge changes destiny, not only a diploma, but also our attitude towards things and our spirit of continuous exploration. Scientific farming can reduce detours and gain more joy. Formalized management can make our breeding industry develop in an orderly manner like other industries, and achieve the ultimate in the industry.
